cftcrule 4.41 - hypothetical or simulated performance results have certain limitations. unlike an actual performance record, simulated results do not represent actual trading. also, since the trades have not been executed, the results may have under-or-over compensated for the impact, if any, of certain market factors, such as lack of liquidity.
It’s never been easier to trade stocks; just a few taps or clicks will do the trick. But most of the platforms that millions of market participants rely on to move their money suffer from cybersecurity shortcomings, new research warns. As if stocks weren’t risky enough new report from Alejandro Hernández, a security consultant at IOActive, found that nearly all of the 40 major online trading platforms he investigated had at least some form of vulnerability. While they range widely in severity and scope, the overall picture is of an industry that has not taken security measures proportional to the sensitive information involved. Hernández will present his research at the Black Hat security conference in Las Vegas on analyzed 16 desktop applications, 34 mobile apps, and 30 websites, comprising 40 trading platforms in all. That includes major legacy players like Fidelity and Charles Schwab, mobile-first upstarts like Robinhood, and less common names like Kraken and Poloniex. And while some companies, like Schwab and Merrill Edge, earned mostly high marks for their security hygiene, the overall picture seems over half of the desktop applications Hernández examined, for instance, transmitted at least some data—things like balances, portfolios, and personal information—unencrypted. That leaves traders vulnerable to a potential attack from someone on the same Wi-Fi network, who could observe that information and potentially intercept and alter it using a fairly straightforward man-in-the-middle troubling Several mobile apps and a handful of desktop applications stored passwords unencrypted locally, or sent them to logs in plain text. With access to the device, either physical or through malware, an attacker could steal that password, then use the newfound account access to, say, add a new bank account and transfer money to it. Two-factor authentication would prevent that scenario, but while most of the web platforms Hernández looked at offer it, they don’t enable it by default. That’s a shame, especially given how much sensitive information a desktop trading app, in particular, is privy of robust encryption seems endemic to the industry, but narrower issues show up as well. Hernández found that on the web platforms of companies like Charles Schwab and E-Trade, logging out didn’t immediately end the session on the server side. If you think of authentication as a handshake, in other words, the site leaves its arm extended after you’ve already walked away. If someone steals your session token, they could get in.“There are hundreds of ways that an attacker could intercept your communication,” Hernández says. The attacker could trick you to click on a malicious link that allows a man-in-the-middle attack, for example. Imagine the attacker has your session ID. If the authentic user realizes he was compromised, the user would log out." Ideally, the server would end the session at that point, too, overwriting the ID and stopping any unauthorized snooping. But if the session doesn't immediately end on the server side—and Hernández found that some sessions stayed active for as long as a few hours—then the attacker is free to continue as he vulnerability Hernández emphasizes is, as they say, a feature, not a bug. Several trading platforms let users create their own bots through proprietary programming languages. Those plugins get passed around in online trading forums, a network of get-rich-quick bots that a user can import on a whim. The problem? Those programming languages are themselves based on common ones like C++ and Pascal, making it relatively simple for a malicious coder to hide a backdoor or other malware in what looks like a friendly, automated options-trading research builds on a specific look at mobile app security in trading spaces that Hernández released last fall. If anything, the problems he found on the web and on desktop applications are even more alarming, both in severity and scope.“Desktop applications are the entire package,” Hernández says. “They’re more susceptible to vulnerabilities, because they implement more features, and the attack surface is bigger.”This is also the first time Hernández is naming names; he previously let companies remain anonymous to give them adequate time to fix the issues. That process appears to be ongoing.++inset-left'There are hundreds of ways that an attacker could intercept your communication.'Alejandro Hernández, IOActive"Given that our approach to security is risk-based, findings that are truly impactful or relatively easy to exploit are fixed in an expedited fashion, while those with only minor impact or low exploitability factor are not as important to address right away, and some are of such low risk that in the interest of achieving the right balance between security, usability, and performance, we consciously decide not to address,” says Boris Kogan, chief information security officer at Interactive Brokers, which the IOActive report cites for issues across its web, desktop, and mobile offerings. Interactive Brokers did not disclose which specific issues it had fixed, citing security concerns, but did say that “all high-risk issues have been resolved.”Other responses to WIRED were more cavalier. An inquiry via a web form at IQ Option, which Hernández found storing passwords unencrypted, yielded this response from support staff “Rest assured your data is securely kept, and no misuse may happen.” Inquiries to several other trading platforms, large and small, went unanswered speaks to an issue Hernández encountered repeatedly. “Many brokers do not have a main point of contact to receive vulnerabilities in their products in general,” he says. “We used to send the vulnerabilities to a generic support email address. In some cases they replied, but there were many contacts where we didn’t receive any answer.”To that end, Hernández recommends sticking with large companies—the ones that have resources to invest in cybersecurity and respond to issues like the ones he found—to help minimize your vulnerability risks. He ranks TD Ameritrade, Charles Schwab, Merril Edge, and Robinhood as especially adept, if not entirely free of issues.“We view all feedback as positive and use it to review the measures we have in place to ensure our clients and their data remain secure,” Schwab spokesperson Peter Greenley says. “Our multilayered applications are continuously tested and regularly updated to meet the demands of a constantly evolving security landscape.”Otherwise, safety tips for online trading apps look a lot like they do on every other corner of the web. Enable two-factor. Don’t reuse passwords. And for the love of Gordon Gekko, don’t buy a put on public Wi-Fi Great WIRED StoriesIn nature, Google Lens does what the human brain can’tCrying pedophile is the oldest propaganda trick aroundThe wild inner workings of a billion-dollar hacking groupInside the 23-dimensional world of your car’s paint jobCrispr and the mutant future of foodLooking for more? 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Employees officers and directors of public companies, and other individuals with access to confidential information are often subject to trading restrictions. If you are subject to such restriction, you will be notified by the relevant company. You can review and edit your trading restrictions by logging in and navigating to Settings and
Search for an answer or browse help topics to create a ticket ✖ Home Trading and Markets Margins Margins/Leverage ☰ View all categories 16387 Security is not allowed to trade in this market. For Stock options, the exchange restricts certain strike prices to be traded due to illiquidity & high volatility. This error implies that for the particular stock option that particular strike price cant be traded. × ×Open tickets We see that you have the following tickets open If you have the same query, check and update the existing ticket here. In case of a new query, click on Continue. Continue
Essentialinformation for Day Trading: 11: A . Essential information for Day Trading. 1. Margin trading allows you to trade in Equities on an intra-day basis i.e. margin orders placed during the day are squared off at the end of the day. 2. Margin trading is possible on select stocks on the NSE and the BSE, which are not in the No- Delivery

Last September, after perhaps the most “2021” of all possible 2021 insider-trading scandals, NFT marketplace OpenSea’s head of product, Nate Chastain, stepped down from his reason? Chastain purchased non-fungible tokens NFTs that he knew were set to display on the front page before they appeared there publicly. It was a seemingly innocent act, similar to a Foot Locker employee purchasing a pair of Air Jordans with his employee discount before the sneakers hit the shelves – right?Wrong. NFTs aren’t shoes; they’re digital assets minted on a blockchain, and in some cases, they can even be considered securities. The Internal Revenue Service IRS counts NFTs when you do your taxes – even receiving an NFT as a gift triggers a taxable event. And Securities and Exchange Commission SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce, who has a reputation for being crypto-friendly, told CoinDesk last October that consumers should be “very careful” when trying to determine if the crypto assets are article originally appeared in Crypto for Advisors, CoinDesk’s weekly newsletter defining crypto, digital assets and the future of finance. Sign up here to receive it every crypto regulationWhile it wasn’t the SEC that investigated Chastain – collectors tracked his wallet activity on the blockchain, which instigated an internal investigation by OpenSea – the story raises questions about whether federal regulators are tracking blockchain activity, measures against crypto insider trading are still fuzzy, particularly at this time when the industry produces new utility tokens, NFTs and altcoins every day. Innovation is constant in the crypto world, happening organically to meet new needs and build solutions, and often through significant venture capital crypto scene is tight-knit. Despite the wide-scale appeal and booming popularity of crypto, its decentralized nature means a lot of information gets shared through community-generated means such as Twitter, Discord channels and in-person fireside chats and social events. Professionals, for the most part, use discernment except for instances like Chastain’s NFT opportunism, but overall, the general vibe is that crypto folks are pretty open book. Furthermore, like the OpenSea incident proves, there’s a certain amount of self-regulation built into the ecosystem through the public nature of blockchains sort of like a pickup basketball game.Do regulators consider cryptocurrencies to be securities?In all the euphoria, however, it’s easy to want to open up your MetaMask or Coinbase wallet like you would your Robinhood or E-Trade app and add a few extra coins or tokens to your portfolio once you learn about exciting new projects and developments. But when traders – even hobby traders – get information from insiders about any new cryptocurrency or product, they should ask themselves whether those details are privileged, says Chicago-based Lisa Bragança, a former SEC branch best way to approach it is to presume that every time somebody makes a recommendation about a token, that it is just like a stock,” she told SEC considers just about all cryptocurrencies to be securities, according to Bragança. The only ones that are safe just assets are bitcoin – it truly is decentralized, says Bragança – and even these guidelines are still debated among insiders. The SEC’s allegations against crypto exchange Ripple, for instance, demonstrate that the issue of what defines a crypto security is still being should get a ruling in that trial some time here in the next couple of months maybe,” Paul Atkins, a former SEC commissioner who's now CEO of consulting firm Patomak Global Partners, said during a CoinDesk “First Mover” interview last month. “That may be an indication of where things are going to go," he while we wait to see how these lawsuits play out in court, the central question of what is a security will be the elephant in the room around which the nearly $2 trillion crypto industry is SEC does not have jurisdiction over a trading platform if it’s not trading a security. So we come back to that essential question,” Atkins compliance and enforcementGiven the current back and forth, plus the novelty of blockchain technology, the likelihood of consumers getting nabbed for insider crypto trading with the same regularity and enforcement as they would with traditional securities is low – for SEC doesn’t have a practice of going and checking the blockchain to see what transactions are being reported,” Bragança says. “And even if they could, they would have to figure out who was engaged in that trading because it’s often comes the issue of enforcement. The ability to enforce insider-trading laws for crypto, according to Bragança, is “really impaired” and not something that’s happening however, do have the ability to cherry-pick when suspicious activity is say somebody is getting divorced,” Bragança says. If a spouse finds out or knew that their ex was engaging in insider trading on a decentralized exchange, that disgruntled spouse could report that to the SEC. “And then the SEC could investigate,” Bragança same considerations to determine if someone is guilty of insider trading apply to crypto as traditional assets The information must be material – important enough that share prices could potentially be affected – and not crypto exchanges aren't regularly sending consumer data to regulators, Bragança argues that centralized exchanges in particular are more than likely going to seek compliance with federal regulators over these exchanges are seeking to get more authority, they are seeking legitimacy and status in the markets,” Bragança says. “So that’s when you will probably see, even without a law, [an exchange] decide to crack down and report suspicious more about Consensus 2024, CoinDesk’s longest-running and most influential event that brings together all sides of crypto, blockchain and Web3. Head to to register and buy your pass note that our privacy policy, terms of use, cookies, and do not sell my personal informationhas been leader in news and information on cryptocurrency, digital assets and the future of money, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrenciesand blockchain startups. As part of their compensation, certain CoinDesk employees, including editorial employees, may receive exposure to DCG equity in the form of stock appreciation rights, which vest over a multi-year period. CoinDesk journalists are not allowed to purchase stock outright in DeMatteo is a service journalist currently based in New York City. In 2020, she helped launch CNBC Select, and she now writes for publications like CoinDesk, NextAdvisor, MoneyMade, and others. She is a contributing writer for CoinDesk’s Crypto for Advisors megdematteo on Twitter

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Short selling is essentially a buy or sell transaction in reverse. An investor wanting to sell shares borrows them from a broker, who sells the shares from the inventory on behalf of the person seeking to sell short. Once the shares are sold, the money from the sale is credited to the account of the short seller. In effect, the broker has loaned the shares to the short seller. Eventually, the short sale must be closed by the seller buying an equal amount of shares with which to pay back the loan from their broker. This action is known as covering. The shares the seller buys back are returned to the broker, thus closing the transaction. The ideal situation for the seller occurs if the stock price drops and the shares can be bought back at a lower price than the shorted price. Key Takeaways In short selling, an investor borrows stock that they think will decline by the upcoming expiration investor then sells the shares that they borrowed to buyers willing to pay the current investor waits for the price of the borrowed shares to drop so that they can buy them back at a lower price, before returning them to the if the shares don't drop and instead rise, the investor will have to buy them back at a higher price than what they paid, and thus lose money. The Appeal of Short Selling Why do people use short selling? Traders may use it as speculation, a risky trading strategy in which there is the potential for both great gains and great losses. Some investors may use it as a hedge against the possibility of losing money on a bet on the same security or a related one. Hedging involves placing an offsetting risk to counter the potential downside effect of a bet on a particular security. Example of Short Selling To illustrate the short selling process, consider the following example. A seller goes through a broker and requests to sell 10 shares of a stock currently priced at $10 a share. The broker agrees and the seller is credited with the $100 in proceeds from the sale. Assume that over the short term the stock drops to $5 a share. The seller uses $50 of that $100 to buy 10 shares to repay the broker with and close the transaction. The seller's remaining profit is $50, less any related interest and fees. Of course, if the shares rise in price, forcing the short seller to purchase them at a higher price than the short sell price, the seller sustains a loss. Short selling is by nature a very risky proposition with the risk of losing money on a short sale massive—since the price of an asset can surge indefinitely. The Cost of Waiting The amount of time a seller can hold onto the short sold shares before buying them back is dependent on the expiration date. However, holding on to shares for long stretches of time while waiting for the security to move higher is not without cost. The seller must take into account interest charged by the broker on the margin account that is required for short selling. Also, the seller must consider the impact of the money that is tied up in the short sale that is thus not available for other transactions.

Security A security is a fungible , negotiable financial instrument that holds some type of monetary value. It represents an ownership position in a publicly-traded corporation (via stock ), a Digital stock market chart Investors should be aware that news reports stating that FINRA has approved a security for trading, quoting or listing are wrong in virtually every respect. In fact, FINRA does not ever qualitatively evaluate or approve a security such as a stock. Instead, it verifies that a broker-dealer can demonstrate it has completed its required diligence to begin quoting a process is as follows Before posting a quote for an over-the-counter OTC security, a securities firm is required to obtain and review essential financial and other information about the company and security it wants to quote and to have a reasonable basis for believing that the information is accurate and from a reliable source. This information gathering and review process is required by Rule 15c2-11 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Prior to posting a quote, however, the firm must demonstrate to FINRA that it has obtained and reviewed the required information by completing and submitting what is known as a Form 211, as required by FINRA Rule 6432. FINRA then verifies that the firm has sufficiently demonstrated compliance with SEC Rule is important to note that in the course of this process, FINRA does not engage in a qualitative evaluation of the security, nor of the issuer of the security, and does not approve the issuer or the filing, or pass on the accuracy or adequacy of the documents provided with the Form 211. It is also worth noting that once FINRA’s review is complete and the firm begins posting a quote, other firms similarly may be permitted to post quotes of their own without the filing of a Form 211 after a period of 30 days of quotation activity by the original market maker have passed. There is no guarantee, however, that trading will actually take place. That is, merely posting quotes does not necessarily mean that buyers and sellers will be willing to trade the security at the quoted it is sometimes misstated that a stock has been approved to “list” on the OTC market. Actually, “listing” refers to the process of permitting securities to be traded on exchanges such as Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange, which apply certain financial and other requirements for initial and continued listing. In contrast, OTC or unlisted securities do not trade on exchanges, and trade only over the counter. OTC securities are not subject to “listing” requirements associated with exchanges and may not be registered with the Securities and Exchange recapFINRA does not evaluate or approve securities or issuers. OTC securities are not “listed” on an exchange, nor subject to an exchange’s listing requirements. FINRA’s role is to verify that securities firms seeking to begin quoting a security in the OTC market have obtained and reviewed the required financial information about the issuer of the security and have a reasonable basis for believing that the information is accurate and from a reliable source. For more on FINRA’s role when it comes to companies whose shares trade in the OTC marketplace, read Corporate Actions by Public Companies—What You Should Know. Subscribe to FINRA's The Alert Investor newsletter for more information about saving and investing. FINRA is dedicated to investor protection and market integrity. It regulates one critical part of the securities industry – brokerage firms doing business with the public in the United States. FINRA, overseen by the SEC, writes rules, examines for and enforces compliance with FINRA rules and federal securities laws, registers broker-dealer personnel and offers them education and training, and informs the investing public. In addition, FINRA provides surveillance and other regulatory services for equities and options markets, as well as trade reporting and other industry utilities. FINRA also administers a dispute resolution forum for investors and brokerage firms and their registered employees. For more information, visit Credit © The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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Go to Fidelity Opening transaction not permitted error even though it’s the middle of the day? There are a couple small cap stops like $DRNK and $HEMP that I’ve tried to buy for several weeks. I have enough settled cash to buy the shares, but every time it gives me the error “TC9052Opening transactions for this security are not currently permitted due to limited company information and/or the risk associated with the security.” It’s not an opening transaction. It’s the middle of the day and trading is active on them, but I still can’t buy them. Anyone else have this problem or know how to fix it?
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Ifyour order was rejected on TD Ameritrade and you got error message that says "Opening transactions for this security are not accepted", then watch my new
Go to MerrillEdge r/MerrillEdge r/MerrillEdge A subreddit for the Merrill Edge electronic trading platform. Members Online • by 9mmNATO This security is currently blocked and cannot be traded at Merrill. RES_HH_DQ_IND_NOT_A For more information, call This security is currently blocked and cannot be traded at Merrill. RES_HH_DQ_IND_NOT_A For more information, call Ridiculous!
Hi My IBKR got approved today. But I keep getting this message on the website: You are currently logged in without Trading/Market Data permissions We could not connect to the trading/market data system You can still manage your account but can't trade. I am logged in. And I have tried to What is a securities exchange? An exchange acts as a trade facilitator. It provides investors and speculators with a platform where they can trade assets. Stock exchanges connect buyers and sellers. Some of the most famous stock exchanges are the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ, the London Stock Exchange, and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Stock Exchange TradingStock exchanges enable trading in the sense that they play the role of facilitator in the market. These exchanges provide platforms for investors and speculators to gather and trade securities. Since they tend to trade extremely large amounts of money and capital, investors and speculators are often very exposed and vulnerable. The fact that they need protection for this is what led to governments forming agencies to regulate the activity that is conducted on stock exchanges. In the United States, securities are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission SEC. Stock exchange trading is conducted by brokers and dealers. A broker trades on behalf of clients and a dealer trades for its own account. People who are uninformed about the principles of investing normally give their investment capital to an educated broker to invest more efficiently. Brokers charge investors a fee for the services they provide. On the contrary, individuals who feel like they know enough about the market to manage their own investments often bypass brokers and simply trade in the market on their own terms. Though they do not have to pay brokerage fees, they face the risk of losing substantial amounts of money when they make small errors. Stock exchange trading has evolved radically over the years into its electronic form of today. The history of the discipline traces back hundreds of years, even beyond the Industrial Revolution. The first form of securities that were created was issued by moneylenders in Venice during the fourteenth century. These were largely debt instruments that bankers and investors issued as assets that could generate profits. The sixteenth-century saw the official creation of bonds and promissory notes that were traded on the Belgium exchange. In correlation with traditional investment assumptions, these securities were very risk-averse. In light of the young nature of exchange trading, investors were inherently very protective of the investment capital that they had. Over time, the evolution of investing and the increasing desire to make more money saw radical shifts in the world of finance. Bankers and all sorts of market participants continuously started looking for new and inventive ways to make money through financial exchange. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account Trading securities can represent either a long or a short position for a business. Companies tend to have trading securities on their books when they aim to capitalize on a direction that the market might move in. Securities like these are shown on the company's balance sheets as current assets that can be sold off in the short term. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account Securities are financial instruments that can be used to raise money. Stock is one of the most common types of securities and they are publicly traded on exchanges. This trading is done by brokers and dealers. Brokers trade on behalf of clients and dealers trade for their own accounts. When trading, speculators generally have the option of going long on a stock or selling short on it. The speculator would enter a long position in a stock if they believe in its fundamentals. On the other hand, when they think that the stock might move down, they would buy into a short position. To enter a short position, the speculator borrows and sells the stock in question. When the price drops, the speculator buys back the amount of stock that they have borrowed and returns it to the lender. The remaining money is their profit. The sensitivity of these engagements is what led to the US government's establishing the SEC to regulate the trading of securities. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account Stock ExchangesCynthia buys or sells stock for her clients on a stock exchange. In fact, at least one officer of her brokerage firm has to be a member of the exchange for her to trade on that exchange. A stock exchange is an organization that provides the marketplace where stocks are traded. The New York Stock Exchange is probably the best example, but stock exchanges exist all over the world in many different countries. Floor & Electronic TradingCynthia can trade stock through floor trading and electronic trading. Floor trading is the traditional method of trading stocks at an exchange where traders buy and sell stock in an auction-like setting on the trading floor of the exchange. While floor trading still is practiced today, Cynthia does most of her trades with electronic trading through a computer system. In fact, most stocks are bought and sold electronically nowadays. Margin AccountsWhile most of Cynthia's clients buy stock with cash, some buy through a margin account. A margin account is a brokerage account in which Cynthia's brokerage loans money to her clients to buy stocks. If the value of the stocks purchased fall below a certain amount, Cynthia's brokerage firm will make a margin call where the client is required to put money or securities into the account to bring it up to a set minimum value. Investing with a margin account allows you to use leverage to increase your gains because you have more money to invest. More money invested means your potential returns are higher. Of course, this also means your risks are much higher because you are investing with other people's money and may have to sell off assets to cover a margin call. Short & Long PositionsCynthia's clients usually take a long position on a stock, but some do take short positions. A long position occurs when an investor buys a stock believing that it will increase in value over time. You can think of taking a long position as taking a long view and picking a winner. On the other hand, taking a short position involves selling borrowed stock that you think is going to go down in value and buying it back when it actually drops in value. You return the shares and pocket the profit. In other words, you're betting on a loser. Here's how it works. Let's say that Cynthia has a client, Sharon, who thinks that a certain tech company's stock is going to decrease in value, and she wants to take a short position by short selling it. Sharon contacts Cynthia and finds out the stock is currently trading at $50 per share. She's betting it will go down to $40 a share. Cynthia agrees to let Sharon 'borrow' 100 shares that her firm holds. Sharon tells Cynthia to sell the borrowed shares at $50 a share. Brokers & DealersMeet Cynthia. She's a stockbroker at a large brokerage firm in New York. A broker is a person or company that buys and sells securities for a client. A security is a type of asset that is purchased for investment purposes and can be traded. Stock is just one type of security. Some brokers are also dealers who buy stock or sell stock for their own account. A dealer may sell such stock to clients and other firms or may keep them as part of its own portfolio. Since Cynthia is a broker, she had to become licensed by passing securities exams. She also had to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The SEC is responsible for regulating the securities industry, including its brokers and dealers. Stock ExchangesCynthia buys or sells stock for her clients on a stock exchange. In fact, at least one officer of her brokerage firm has to be a member of the exchange for her to trade on that exchange. A stock exchange is an organization that provides the marketplace where stocks are traded. The New York Stock Exchange is probably the best example, but stock exchanges exist all over the world in many different countries. Floor & Electronic TradingCynthia can trade stock through floor trading and electronic trading. Floor trading is the traditional method of trading stocks at an exchange where traders buy and sell stock in an auction-like setting on the trading floor of the exchange. While floor trading still is practiced today, Cynthia does most of her trades with electronic trading through a computer system. In fact, most stocks are bought and sold electronically nowadays. Margin AccountsWhile most of Cynthia's clients buy stock with cash, some buy through a margin account. A margin account is a brokerage account in which Cynthia's brokerage loans money to her clients to buy stocks. If the value of the stocks purchased fall below a certain amount, Cynthia's brokerage firm will make a margin call where the client is required to put money or securities into the account to bring it up to a set minimum value. Investing with a margin account allows you to use leverage to increase your gains because you have more money to invest. More money invested means your potential returns are higher. Of course, this also means your risks are much higher because you are investing with other people's money and may have to sell off assets to cover a margin call. Short & Long PositionsCynthia's clients usually take a long position on a stock, but some do take short positions. A long position occurs when an investor buys a stock believing that it will increase in value over time. You can think of taking a long position as taking a long view and picking a winner. On the other hand, taking a short position involves selling borrowed stock that you think is going to go down in value and buying it back when it actually drops in value. You return the shares and pocket the profit. In other words, you're betting on a loser. Here's how it works. Let's say that Cynthia has a client, Sharon, who thinks that a certain tech company's stock is going to decrease in value, and she wants to take a short position by short selling it. Sharon contacts Cynthia and finds out the stock is currently trading at $50 per share. She's betting it will go down to $40 a share. Cynthia agrees to let Sharon 'borrow' 100 shares that her firm holds. Sharon tells Cynthia to sell the borrowed shares at $50 a share. To unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Create your account XTGV.
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    • security is not currently trading